sadly I don't know the fix of this but I am following this thread as I am facing the same issue

Good to know I'm not the only one having this issue 😅

@Yi Lon Ma Are you using Sentry in your app?

I created a minimal repro of the problem and seemed to discover that it's caused by Sentry's JS SDK: https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/issues/18004

If the Sentry SDK isn't imported in the instrumentation file, then the build output is normal.

nope

maybe one of this will help?
https://nextjs.org/docs/app/api-reference/config/next-config-js/optimizePackageImports

https://nextjs.org/docs/app/api-reference/config/next-config-js/serverExternalPackages